Title:

NICHE MARKET IN THE FIELD OF A MARKET MICROCREDITS.FOCUSED ELIMINATING THE PRICE COMPETITION PURE.HOW FINANCED TOURISM TO COMPETE WITH MYTHS current model.

Author:Andres F. ANTHEUS

ORCID: 0000-0001-9223-9892

Thanks:

My family and especially my mother for her great support.

Brief summary of the work.-

It is part of the following hypothesis: "In a market if it is removed or attenuates the price factor, should compete on quality or other factors such as customer loyalty, for example."

KEYWORDS: Money, Banks, Monetary System, cryptomonedas, subprimes crisis, systemic error.

KEYWORDS: Money, Banks, Monetary System, cryptocoins, subprimes, krisses, Sistemic Error

JEL classification with two digits: JEL: B22

COMPETITION BASED ON FACTORS.

PRICE FACTOR:
QUALITY FACTOR:
MIXED FACTORS:
- QUALITY + PRICE (HYBRID)
- OTHER TO BE DETERMINED

CREATING A "NECESSITY SYMBIOTIC" .-

It is based on the theory of Maslow and his hierarchy of needs also game theory of John Nash is applied.

Maslow proposed a theory that there is a hierarchy of human needs, and argued that as the most basic needs are met, humans develop higher needs and desires. From this hierarchy it is established what is known as Maslow pyramid.

Example: If you want to create a need for gasoline, diesel, electricity, etc., because it sells that good or service you can give away at cost 0 good or service "generator" of necessity (vehicle powered by these fuels, for example) creating such a need in the consumer product or generating the need for hiring or buying the secondary or "slave" who would be gasoline, diesel, electricity, etc. for a time required to generate the cost of goods or services + the estimated cost good "slave" + beneficios.De thus the problem of financing (own funds or credits) of fuel companies and doubt arises from the "forecast future price of an asset" that can make hiring arises safe as is done with crops of potatoes, for example.

MARKET BASED CONFIDENCE.-

It is part of the hypothesis "Confidence is the main element in which any economic activity is based" .It based on a main concept is the endorsement of honor but today opt for financial guarantees to ensure the collection of a good or service granting a credit based on that factor.

THE EXAMPLE OF ICARUS INFORMATICA .- (http://www.icarusinformatica.com)

It is part of the hypothesis: "Offer to give away a computer provided acquire a bonus of 5 years of technical service of computers for 10 € / month you can have the following option: Extended Warranty 2 year (by law) 5 years parts,"And it is part of the following hypothesis" To require a technical service of computers is necessary to have a computer "Can you give a computer (either generator need? This has been done by some informaticas academies to sell their good "slave" (computer course) and others for years as banks in their gift of goods or services that generate profit through interest on loans or customer loyalty by having imposed an amount of money fixed term but could be extended to other financial products (/ debit payroll for a minimum period, for example) ..

General SWOT analysis of this offer type for ICARUS INFORMATICA (Weaknesses / Threats / Strengths / Opportunities)

WEAKNESSES	* Competition in base price factor in a capitalist market (Ex: El Corte English / Icarus Informatica) * Computer Financing * Payback period of good service or indeterminate and usually less than 5 years
THREATS	* SELL OR GIVE BELOW COST TO CREATE YOUR MARGINAL Monopolies NEED A GOOD GENERATOR (computer) (eg: MICROSOFT / MS Internet Explorer & Netscape / Netscape Communicator) * Competition with own funding
STRENGTHS	* Antitrust laws in the country. * Being self employed owner of Icarus Informatica). * The monthly fee for a microcredit would suppose from 1% of the minimum wage per month approximately Marketing Advertising * The price of a computer and the parts is inversely proportional to the time normally * Using the "fuzzy"
OPPORTUNITIES	* Use Microcredit * Larger parts warranty 2 to 5 years * Amortization Computer * The Corporations tend to have limited social obligations Mixed economy Competition with major companies * Centralizing purchases * Becoming Wholesale * Strategies "Hunting / Fishing" applied to Game Theory

APPLICATION IN TOURISM microcredits / CREATE NEEDS SYMBIOTIC

In principle you can not say that tourism is generating necessity, but if we analyze it we find usable needs such as:

He competes as:

NEED	GOOD "SLAVE"
Basic (Food / Beverage // Accommodation / Means of transport to destination)	* Option All Inclusive
Extended (Cultural trips / visits / Clubs, etc)	* Option All Inclusive PLUS

He competes in quality + price: LUXURY.

THE EXAMPLE OF "BS ANDALUZ".

"A project of a Russian love with Andalucia Andalusian a dreamer ".

https://www.facebook.com/pg/BSAndaluz-185966218091084/about/

a project on Bs Andaluz was made by Olga Bakeeva in the Master of Management of Tourist Business of the University of Huelva and has further provided a website domain https://www.bsandaluz.com

How do you sell or give away "BS ANDALUZ" You need a good or service that is symbiotic or making.P.ej: You sell the tour package and gunwales Spanish classes for 5 years or you can sell Spanish classes for 5 years and give turistico..Actualmente finance package tour packages microcredit as Cofidis companies, Cetelem, credit and suretyship, p.ej.The main idea is that the transport plane, for example, and accommodation free and charged more for the guides sightseeing which will provide a service shift, 24 hour customer service, plus excursions will tour myths and legends of Andalucia, an exclusive product and supported by a doctoral thesis awarded a "summa cum laude" from the University of Huelva .

fuzzy logic / Fuzzy logic.-

It is part of the hypothesis "There are three logic states in computer; 0.1 Ni 0 / Ni 1 absolute or FUZZY" 0 or 1 = 0.25,0.50,0.75, analog to digital hybrid is 0 and 1, ALU / ULA hybridizes CUANTICA.

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) Ajzen

Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB for its acronym in English) of Icek Ajzen (1985, 1991) helps to understand how we can change the behavior of people. TPB is a theory which predicts deliberate behavior, because behavior can be planned.

TPB is the successor of the theory of reasoned action similar Ajzen and Fishbein (1975, 1980). The succession was the result of the discovery that behavior appeared to be 100% voluntary and under control. This resulted in the addition of perceived behavioral control. With this addition the theory was called the Theory of Planned Behavior.

The three considerations of the Theory of Planned Behavior

In short, according to TPB, human action is guided by three kinds of considerations:

Behavioral beliefs. These are referred belief the likely consequences of behavior.
normative beliefs. These are beliefs regarding the normative expectations of others.
controlled beliefs. These are beliefs about the presence of factors that may facilitate, or may impede, the performance of behavior.

The three considerations of Ajzen are crucial in circumstances / projects / programs when you need to change the behavior of people.

In their respective aggregates, behavioral beliefs produce a favorable or unfavorable attitude toward the behavior, normative beliefs result in perceived social pressure or subjective norm, and control beliefs give rise to perceived behavioral control. In combination, the attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perception of controlled behavior, leading to the formation of an intentional behavior. As a general rule, if the attitude and subjective norm are more favorable, the perceived control will be greater, and the intention of the person to perform a particular behavior will be stronger.

residual effects of past behavior recently

In 2002, Ajzen investigated residual effects of past behavior in the most recent behavior. He concluded that this factor indeed exists but can not be described as a habit, as many people are thinking. A review of existing evidence suggests that the residual impact of past behavior is attenuated, when measures of intention and behavior are compatible.

A research project in the travel industry resulted in the conclusion that the last election travel contributes to the prediction of recent behavior only if conditions remain relatively stable.

Example: The Theory of Planned Behavior Ajzen can help to explain why advertising campaigns merely providing information do not work. Only increase the knowledge does little to change behavior. The campaigns are aimed at attitudes, perceived norms, and control to make the change or buying certain goods, have better results.

Similarly, in administering programs that focus only on explaining the importance of something (knowledge transfer) will likely not succeed. Instead, one should convince people to change their intention to change, giving much attention to attitudes, subjective norms and to the perceived control of their behavior.

Own theory of quantum mechanics "games" with uncertainty principle / indeterminacy of Heisenberg, with fuzzy logic and Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB).

It is based on the formulation of hypotheses for solving a problem ( "game or system") that rebuts or say, considering the tricks as well as techniques of "deception" ( "bait") of "hunting / fishing" for example. Also the desired solution is the most suited to the reality to solve the assumptions and mount the reductio or induction, for example is given. tools are used to prove a hypothesis except that it can be true or false (Principle of uncertainty / indeterminacy of Heisenberg) and a logic that such a slate like a duck, fish, hammer tells you hammer is the element applies jarring because it is not an animal ( "game" for young gifted children). etc) the problem is knowing when the "systemic error" occurs because there is no "tools" to detect and only patients with bipolar disorder have that intuition as John Forbes Nash and me. To determine when the "absolute or systemic error" occurs is used at the beginning of uncertainty / indeterminacy of Heisemberg with fuzzy logic applied, asks: When the "Nash equilibrium" was not fulfilled and under that "premises" (hypothesis ? subsequently develop) the system was audited in search of "systemic error" .To explain let's an example: the game of "military chess" Deep Blue in Fort Meade, is part of the (TABLES solution, such as "3 Stripes "/ PAZ) and stage (scenarios / positions of the pieces on the board arises as they become our military resources and our allies and potential enemies,

Nash equilibrium

Nash equilibrium or balance or equilibrium Cournot Cournot and Nash or equilibrium of fear is, in theory plays a "solution concept" for games with two or more players, which assumes that:

Every player knows and has adopted the best strategy, and
Everyone knows the strategies of others.

Consequently, each individual player does not win anything changing its strategy while others keep theirs. Thus, each player is running the best "movement" taking into account the movements of the other players.

In other words, a Nash equilibrium is a situation in which all players have put into practice, and they know that they have, a strategy that maximizes profits given the strategies of others. Consequently, no player has no incentive to change their strategy individually.

It is important to note that a Nash equilibrium does not imply that the best overall outcome for participants is achieved, but only the best outcome for each considered individually. It is perfectly possible that the result was better for everyone if, somehow, players coordinate their action.

In economic terms, it is a kind of balance of imperfect competition which describes the situation of several companies competing for the same market well and you can choose how much to produce to try to maximize their profit.

Strategies "hunting / fishing girls" applied to the theory of games-

Are based on the observation of animals in hunting and fishing by applying it to as "link" girls / chicos.P.ej: "Lone Wolf": when the wolf attacking a herd alone, "Release / up line on fishing ": when seduction methods used, eg to" hook "alternating with ignoring the dam to the dam attack sinner can succeed in creating interest and" hitch "in it, etc. You can apply psychological methods: Eg: "Pavlov's dog" reverse psychology and social engineering (Hackear minds).

* They can be used militarily ( "psychological warfare" of the US Marines).

THE MONEY

What is money? Money is a tool that companies use to establish different relationships with each other, both internally and externally.

The concept of money is not usually questioned in everyday life but its history and its operation are great unknown for the vast amount of the population, that makes it a great unknown.

process that occurs to resolve complications related to barter because the latter requires matching needs and is based on the assessment of use of property. Menger explains:

[...] individuals only take into account in their exchanges, the use value of the assets and all operations were limited to those cases where the goods available to an economic subject had for the lower value of use that who owned the other subject, while for the latter the opposite happen. A has a sword that has less value for use plow B. While for B plow use has less value than the sword of A.

His story, probably written in 425. C., begins with the story of the Lydians, describing events that occurred at about the sixth or seventh century. C. and this is important, because it can not claim that the story begins with writing.

In fact, writing began about four thousand years before the Sumerians and it is not until the fourth century. C., ie in the first millennium, the time when writing the first story. The Greeks know about writing

in the fifteenth or sixteenth century. C. and it is almost a millennium after being written the history of Herodotus and that history has ignored almost all Mesopotamian civilizations that preceded the Lydians, who are in the historical moment

a sort of mixture of Mesopotamian Greeks or Phoenicians. Herodotus seeks to understand that they are different from the Greeks, are ashamed of nudity, but allow moral dissipation of his daughters, give children and are addicted to

game they invented. But these kings Lydians have a mine that has made them immensely rich. That will allow them to be the first to make a monetary issue. But fit some questions, if the currency did not exist before the first issue made by Croesus then what Keynes speaks when it comes to this issue is a purely symbolic act? Is the currency existed before? What happens to the exchange which is spoken in world economic history? How does Menger statement of institutional evolution is? Well, the goal is to try to answer these questions. Money existed before, such a thing can be deduced from reading a previous document to the History of Herodotus, a Mesopotamian document speaks of commercial and civil relations of Babylonian civilization.

49.- If one has received borrowed money from a trader and the trader has one arable wheat field or sesame saying: "Cultivate the field, harvest and takes wheat or sesame will be there" when the farmer has made come on wheat or

sesame in the field, at harvest time the owner of the field will take the wheat or sesame exists in it and give the trader wheat for the money with interest and took the merchant the cost of cultivation of the field. "

According to financial education portal http://www.svs.cl/educaabout the history of money: "The trade is as old as the earliest human settlements in Asia more than 6 or 7 thousand years ago, at first they exchanged what they produced, then step was given to trade, circa 3200. C traders Mesopotomia used gold bullion and silver kings put a seal to ensure its weight and quality, thus was born the concept of currency, however the first similar to today we know currencies are used in Lydia around the century 7. C. were made of gold and silver (electro), the Roman Empire used silver coins minted by the State that were valid in all their territories. paper money better known as "ticket" would have been used for the first time China in the ninth century AD. C, would have been used in Europe for the first time in the sixteenth century d. C.".

Naturally, the money was used in its beginnings in ancient times, it was not as we know it today. Civilizations adopted various goods to meet with them the role of money: food, shells, metals, feathers, precious stones, etc.

Over time, gold and silver were widely used as money because its value is accepted worldwide, and also because of the ease of transportation, the benefits of conservation and so on. To guarantee or certify that a piece of metal or coin contained a certain amount of gold and / or silver coinage began, as a guarantee or certification by recognized and respected entities (kingdoms, governments, banks), which to Prove the weight and quality of the metal containing.

an evolution in which States issued notes and coins that gave right to the bearer to exchange them for gold or silver from the country's reserves was necessary. The evolution of the backing paper currency is as follows:

· In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, many countries had a pattern of two metals based on gold and silver.

· Between 1870 and World War I was mainly adopted the gold standard, so that any citizen could convert the paper money in an amount of gold equivalent.

· In the period between world wars he tried to return to the Gold Standard, although the economic situation and the crisis or crack the 29 ended the convertibility of notes into gold for individuals.

· At the end of World War II, the allies established a new financial system in the Bretton Woods agreements, in which it was established that all currencies would be convertible into US dollars and only the US dollar would be convertible in gold bullion at the rate of $ 35 per ounce for the foreign governments.

· In 1971, expansionary fiscal policies of the US, primarily motivated by war spending in Vietnam, led to the abundance of dollars, considering doubts about its convertibility into gold. This made intentasen European central banks convert their dollar reserves into gold, creating an unsustainable situation for the US In response, in December 1971, US President Richard Nixon unilaterally suspended the dollar's convertibility into gold for the public and devalued the dollar by 10%. In 1973, the dollar becomes devalued another 10%, until finally ends with the dollar's convertibility into gold also for governments and foreign central banks.

· From 1973 until today, the money we use today has a value that is in the subjective belief that it will be accepted by the other inhabitants of a country or economic zone as a means of exchange. Monetary authorities and central banks do not intend to defend any particular level of the exchange rate, but intervening in currency markets to smooth speculative short-term fluctuations, in order to maintain short-term price stability, and avoid situations like hyperinflation, which make the value of that money is destroyed, the disappearance of confidence in it, or deflation.

In fact, money is the result of a social pact where everyone accepts deliver their goods or services to others in exchange for monetary symbols (notes, coins, etc.); therefore, the support of money is the sum of goods and services of the population; that is, gross domestic product or GDP. This covenant is based on the same markets and trust.

The government should prevent the monetary aggregate exceeds the GDP to maintain its value. However, the government can choose to print more notes that would lead to inflation and devaluation of its currency as a way of financing.

From the XXI century appeared cryptodivisas, being the bitcoin the most popular, since its birth in 2009, and perhaps not be surprised to learn that it is the most popular virtual currency in the world, involved in 70,000 transactions per day and that their current value is estimated at 14,000 million dollars, according to Coindesk. But cryptodivisas production is not regulated by any agency which means that you can create as many as you want as there are no limits in theory. There are no currency markets for cryptodivisas yet what can only be speculative transactions but only "physical" with the cryptodivisas of which are available. The value of 1 bitcoin is currently almost $ 1,300 and the price of an ounce of gold. There are other cryptodivisas that follow bitcoin as ethereum and does so with some force.

History of banking

The Order of the Poor Knights of Christ, commonly known as the Knights Templar or the Order of the Temple was one of the most famous Christian military orders. This organization remained active for less than two centuries. It was founded in 1118 by nine French knights led by Hugo de Pavens after the First Crusade. Its original purpose was to protect the lives of Christians pilgrimage to Jerusalem after its conquest. Not only learned a whole market system created, but became the first bankers since the fall of Rome. They did so knowing the scarcity of money in old Europe and offering in its dealings much less usurious than those offered by Jewish merchants interests. Thus, they created ledgers, modern accounting, commercial paper and even the first draft. At this time it weighed heavily the idea of carrying cash on the road, and the Order of supporting documents ordered to collect an amount previously delivered in any other parcel of the order. Only

signature was needed, or where appropriate, the stamp. It is again the trust that is needed in the market economy.

There is a little known fact but true: in the Middle Ages the Church persecuted usury and condemned as sin, although usury was exercised by Jews and was condoned by the Church, the Crown and society, not as a privilege but as something unworthy although it is somewhat paradoxical today and see a great banker. You could say that the modern economy is a Semite invention which aims at maximum enrichment of an individual or group of them at the expense of others, this can be seen in "The Merchant of Venice" by William Shakespeare, for example.

The dollar: "In God we trust"

"But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, invariably aimed at the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government and to provide new guards for their future security and happiness."
Thomas Jefferson. Declaration of Independence. July 4, 1776.

God and money have nothing to do, as Jesus Christ said: "Give to Caesar what is Caesar's and to God what is God's" personally the word God think appearing on money is nothing more than to create false confidence the American people possessing great religious fervor.

When the dollar as international currency globally established and subsequently unilaterally canceled by the United States conversion to gold, the United States was aware that they assumed a position of globally unique advantage.

To explain it easily and since I'm not an expert in economics I would say that we could use the game of Monopoly: if the US is player and also plays the role of banks should change all the money from the other players to dollars so it was a game but just it was not done. US through Keynesian macroeconomic policies, I created a "Marshal Plan" for European reconstruction funds in dollars (ie it was paid with a currency that could only be used to purchase goods and international services, though convertible local currency) and US given the opportunity to benefit from European goods and services. But of course it was a very lucrative business.

In the same way oil is paid in dollars and that makes the oil producing countries accumulate large fortunes (in dollars) .But what if the US decides to unilaterally change its currency rather than converting existing dollars or had a change of government and currency? It should be noted that the Federal Reserve is a private entity that is not a central bank as the European (ie backed by the guarantee of the countries with a high degree of confidence of Europe). The answer is that you could not do anything because the value of the dollar for the economy or confidence is imposed not if not for the military power of the US and international agreements.

But the US perhaps was aware of it and has a law on monopolies, to prevent countries with large resources of dollars could buy the entire production of essential goods and plunge into chaos in the country, also to prevent could be acquired their factories (which are already scarce for relocation). Briefly in 2007 there were 829 billion dollars "physical" and GDP ($ 14.660.000.000.000) plus gold reserves worth more Fort Knox but there are many thousands of millions of dollars that are not "physical "but there is no accurate and reliable data and exceeding many times that amount since years that are not published. At the moment, according to the latest forecasts by the International Monetary Fund (IMF)

Returning to the example of the serious game of Monopoly as if the player USA was the winner from the beginning to have unlimited dollars. But there's something wrong, the US population in 2007 was 302,688,000 inhabitants, ie all physical money distributed per capita gives us only $ 2,738.79 and must take into account that most of that money US physicist is out; the answer is that Americans use credit cards and / or debit cards. But to prove my theory that there are many thousands of millions of $ (there is no way to compensate for US) worth another example: daily US imports oil worth $ 1,221,593,100 day which gives us that spend 678 days equivalent of all their 'physical' money and 30 years would have spent the equivalent of its GDP,

The Monetary System central bank Federal Reserve or without skipper

Explain how the monetary system of the Central Bank or Federal Reserve operates without pattern is complex to understand but to explain it simply, the system creates money issuing bank or central bank (coins or bills) / physical money, and private banks licensed to create FunMoney / (loans, credits, etc.), then play money becomes real and returns the process printing more money the issuing bank or accounting scoring numbers in the private bank. The system generates money exponentially, depending on supply and demand, except that there is less supply unless it is destroyed and no one will give up his money, in principle, in a capitalist system to remove it from the market the system to work properly:

The systemic error of the monetary system of the Federal Reserve

In the US there was a monopoly of the Federal Reserve and Gold, in the 20s before this problem and not knowing what to give in return for the money destroyed these private banks, the Federal Reserve decided to let this systemic error continue generating money supply to infinity, banks face much money decided to get profitability and made loans to its clients who invested in the stock market, in addition to them also investments, excessively inflating the values for a short period won but then was a complete Crack the 1929 , customers lost their farms or homes because they can not pay their loans and was a national crisis. The subprime is another example of this systemic error excess money supply in private banks for not destroying large amounts of money. There are other cases like the crisis that suffered with the US Subprime in Spain, where excess money supply in the German private banks had to seek a niche market where you get profitability and lent large amounts of money to Spanish banks that gave loans mortgage, and all with great ease until the "housing bubble" .What curious of all it is that the culprit though the Federal Reserve is really, nobody knows ballooned, so for everyone are banks or real estate or any other, because nobody knows the system does not work without a pattern. Well if there is a method but it is a bit strange. where excess money supply in the German private banks had to seek a niche market where you get profitability and lent large amounts of money to Spanish banks giving mortgage loans, and all kinds easily until Inflated " housing bubble ".What curious of all is that the culprit though the Federal Reserve is really, nobody knows, so for everyone are banks or real estate or any other, because nobody knows the system does not work without Pattern. Well if there is a method but it is a bit strange. where excess money supply in the German private banks had to seek a niche market where you get profitability and lent large amounts of money to Spanish banks giving mortgage loans, and all kinds easily until Inflated " housing bubble ".What curious of all is that the culprit though the Federal Reserve is really, nobody knows, so for everyone are banks or real estate or any other, because nobody knows the system does not work without Pattern. Well if there is a method but it is a bit strange. The curious thing about all this is that although the culprit is really the Federal Reserve, no one knows, so for everyone are banks or real estate or any other, because nobody knows the system does not work without a pattern. Well if there is a method but it is a bit strange. The curious thing about all this is that although the culprit is really the Federal Reserve, no one knows, so for everyone are banks or real estate or any other, because nobody knows the system does not work without a pattern. Well if there is a method but it is a bit strange.

I confess one thing money is supposed to be used to purchase goods and services, but private bankers when they do not think a lot of money to acquire those goods and services but gold or more money so it does not work. Any / as have thought that private bankers can buy themselves the gold that correspond to them on a gold standard system to destroy money. It should not do so the Federal Reserve or the Central Bank or Issuer because otherwise the seller of gold would have that money in the system, mientra that if he had the Federal Reserve or the Central Bank or Issuer they give gold and destroy money, leaving the stabilized system. Any / as they have thought that private bankers themselves can buy gold would correspond to a gold standard system to destroy money. It should not do so the Federal Reserve or the Central Bank or Issuer because otherwise the seller of gold would have that money in the system, mientra that if he had the Federal Reserve or the Central Bank or Issuer they give gold and destroy money, leaving the stabilized system. Any / as have thought that private bankers can buy themselves the gold that correspond to them on a gold standard system to destroy money. It should not do so the Federal Reserve or the Central Bank or Issuer because otherwise the seller of gold would have that money in the system, mientra that if he had the Federal Reserve or the Central Bank or Issuer they give gold and destroy money, leaving the stabilized system.

Initially told that the economy is a giant with feet of clay, it is possible the destruction of the vast amount of money you have the no gold standard private banks using standard goods and services: Private banks consume goods and services to give their customers if they make deposits, deposits, also consume office supplies, etc; I suppose that central banks and private banks may enter into partnerships with others with producers who have to commute proportionate share in taxes or Social Security, thus it eliminates the amount of money the system without gold and using goods and / or services. It is possible that the government confiscates the money to the banks but in principle goes against logic, It is also possible in a war cost the same money would serve to destroy not issuing war bonds and establishing excise duty. But once they know everything, the ideal is to destroy the system of $ 500 trillions, and would be remediated for several decades in the US.

What is systemic error Monetary Federal Reserve or central bank without skipper?

The issuing bank releases large quantities of banknotes and coins (representing 5% of the total money in the system) to meet demand money market of the population and private banks, private banks and other private entities generate debt private (play money that will become real money) requiring the issuing bank to issue more cash. The problem occurs when the system can not be returned the amount of cash necessary to destroy to ensure proper operation, through tax policies and tax system and methods. The system has a periodic form of bell curve with periods of severe crises and short periods of economic bonanza before those who give this systemic error caused the lack of use of a pattern. Theoretically economic engineering from last decades aims to improve the system, in practice its sole purpose is to find a way not to come face to face with the tremendous debt that has been generated over the past 40 Age of Fiat money (without skipper) .This is not another cycle of economic downturn. We're probably before the inevitable consequence of an economy based on nothing. Between 1945 and 1970, it called Golden Age, increased monetary US mass remained stable since 1971 but with Nixon Shock increases without never reaching a stable period. But money is debt so what if we make more money ?: Suppose a large country with a huge debt that wants to fund it and for that emit sovereign debt bonds that will be rated by the rating agencies and as this market demand or not these bonds at the price set by the market as confidence and profitability. Therefore, the system engulfs himself, since the more you increase the money supply, more accumulation in the chain and will result in more debt. More money is made to balance the system. The money is accumulated at some point in the chain causing the need to continue to bring money to balance the system. As capital is accumulated at some point, will have to re-inject money into the system to keep it circulating, generating more debt, and back again. More money is made to balance the system. The money is accumulated at some point in the chain causing the need to continue to bring money to balance the system. As capital is accumulated at some point, will have to re-inject money into the system to keep it circulating, generating more debt, and back again. More money is made to balance the system. The money is accumulated at some point in the chain causing the need to continue to bring money to balance the system. As capital is accumulated at some point, will have to re-inject money into the system to keep it circulating, generating more debt, and back again.

Money has two main functions are a means to facilitate transactions, purchases and normal sales, and a means to store value, ie, to save.

This money is controlled by the central bank and its goal is to have enough money, of all types, in the needs for economic activity are met financial system. That consumers have enough money to make their purchases, that companies have enough money to make purchases, pay their obligations and make their investments and that the government has enough money to meet their expenses and make investments.

Moreover, the central bank has an obligation to ensure that there is too much money, of any kind, not fuel inflation and that too much liquidity compared to the needs of the real and financial market cause price increases, with more demand products and services your offer.

The central bank has several ways to ensure that the money is needed in the financial system and usually works through the financial system.

You can print more money so that you have more cash, M0, or cash withdrawals buying these banks and thus reducing the level of cash in the system. In addition, the central bank can inject money in the system through other forms of money defined in the previous concept entitled

That is, the central bank may allow the financial system has more or less paying deposits or withdrawing liquidity from banks, usually made through the purchase or sale of short-term securities.

The level of money includes all types of money, including cash (M0) and various types of debt, short and long term, the financial system remains on its behalf and on behalf of its customers.

For reasons of solvency, banks are required to maintain a level of capital against total balances. The minimum capital is considered safe 8% of total balance sheet and capital level of 10% of the total balance, until recently, has been considered very conservative and very safe.

Power system and the different types of money is that with that level of capital required, banks can multiply your balance more than ten times per euro with capital through loans they make and give.

As an example, a bank with capital of 10%, when you receive a € 100 deposit may lend or invest € 90, ie 90%. In turn, this 90% is deposited somewhere in the financial system, where 90% of this new deposit can lend or invest, causing another deposit or deposits somewhere in the financial system, and so on, with the only limit the need to maintain the level of capital.

This multiplier effect, using the leverage ment has the result that each euro that the central bank provides the financial system is multiplied by ten or more depending on the level of capital that banks hold.

Of course it is also the opposite effect. That is, if the central bank wants to reduce the total level of liquidity in the market, provides less liquidity in the system and multiplying the level of reduction by the same multiple effect described above.

In addition, in environments of difficulty or financial insecurity, the same financial institutions may negatively impact market liquidity not responding to the liquidity injections of central bank rather than leveraging loans or investments. The multiplier effect requires their participation.

The central bank can carry out this reduction by increasing the level of required deposits banks must keep with the central bank. These deposits have the result of reducing the multiplier effect and can go up and down depending on the central bank's target and depending on the country, as there are variations.

Another way in which the central bank can influence the financial system is through changing interest levels. If you want to impact the level of interest it does with its operations in the market by issuing or withdrawing (buying or selling) titles with the financial sector and leaving this sector more or less liquidity more or less interest levels. These interest levels affect the levels of interest with which the financial system operates.

These interest levels also affect levels of liquidity in the financial system through how they influence growth, ie higher interest rates cause less loans and, in conclusion, reduce the aforementioned multiplier effect.

For all these reasons, when the central bank sees that there is too much liquidity in the system or too much inflation, actual or potential, work by reducing the level of liquidity in the system, through a mixture of steps. They can raise the required deposit that banks have with the central bank, thus reducing the available liquidity in the activity mentioned and, especially, can raise the level of interest and, because of the multiple effect, each euro reduction has impact end to reduce liquidity in the financial system by a multiple of ten or more.

If the central bank decides to increase the level of liquidity in the system, because it believes that there is no inflation in the system or because they do not consider important, can reduce the level of interest and thus cause the opposite effect on growth, liquidity and financial activity.

These considerations central bank are related to the level of liquidity in the system. This liquidity also is impacted by the deficit or surplus of the state budget and, money and liquidity is very international, dollars, euros, etc. become important deficits or surpluses around the world.

Deficit countries spend more than they receive, financed by debt issuance and every dollar or euro, etc. government spending has the same multiplier effect described above. By measuring the level of liquidity that the central bank considers it desirable, these deficits or surpluses at international level are also taken into account in their calculations.

In addition to its primary role as a regulator of participants in the financial system to ensure its solvency, the role of central bank in the center of the level of money management and financial system is paramount.

In Spain, the regulatory role is exercised by the Bank of Spain, while the central role in the monetary system in the Euro countries, including Spain, is exercised by the European Central Bank (ECB).

for example. This systemic error in synthesis is that money exponentially created to infinity quickly if not removed from the system by the Central Bank or Federal Reserve, but no pattern can not be done simply and there is no simple method redemption money through tax policy or tax to recover cash destroying of private banks by the central bank, as counterpart could only in a system without skipper offering money in exchange for money or bonds, which is absurd and not solve the problem.

Bitcoin PATRON IN TOXIC ASSETS (SUBPRIMES).

If the bitcoin pattern in toxic assets that are property applies, a symbiotic relationship pattern set since the bitcoin patron has no pattern and only based on trust, is a "giant" with "feet of clay" ergo mutually benefit are "symbiotic" products, such as oak and gurumelo (very typical mushroom onubense meadow), the cryptomonedas not based on the GDP of a country or precious metals such as gold, silver or semiprecious as bronze, copper, for example, only based on speculation foreign exchange markets and its usefulness is relative, depending more used (demand) so will be appreciated more or less, however, subprimes are properties that always have value because they are unpaid mortgages even though they represent a property,your problem is to turn them into "liquid cash" and that helps the bitcoin is the most used and popular of the "cryptomonedas" .The idea is that one is the pattern of the other and both have a pattern that makes them stronger to avoid "falling" with speculation, in addition to solving the problem of confidence in the markets that occurred with the "subprimes" which have led to a sharp decline and distrust of investors who "flee" investment in real estate, but slowly the market is recovering but very slowly and far below the "boom" of the 90s.In addition to solving the problem of confidence in the markets that occurred with the "subprimes" which have led to a sharp decline and distrust of investors who "flee" investment in real estate, but gradually the market is recovering but very slowly and very far from the "boom" of the 90s.In addition to solving the problem of confidence in the markets that occurred with the "subprimes" which have led to a sharp decline and distrust of investors who "flee" investment in real estate, but gradually the market is recovering but very slowly and very far from the "boom" of the 90s.

Markets are based on trust and a product to be trusted must give guarantees and that is done by providing a "guarantee" or in this case, a "patron" without resorting to GDP, because it is not a country but it is an international problem caused from the US and spread to Europe and therefore everyone, now from the European Union should take steps to fix it, at least for Europe, to prevent the "Economia the common good "of the German School of Economics suffer the consequences, we are about to open the doors of Europe to the United States with TTIP, a free trade agreement between the European Union and the United States and surely these take advantage to introduce transgenics, this market is similar to the financial market,some produce "cancer" and financial markets there is now a "cancer" that must be "cured" and the cure is to apply a pattern to toxic assets, for example, has the Popular Bank and has to make "liquid" this is the solution to your problem of liquidity, according to the "theory of quantum uncertainty principle games / Heisenberg indeterminacy, fuzzy logic, Nash equilibrium and theory of planned behavior (TPB)" my invención.Es "quantum mechanics" applied to the economy.Nash equilibrium and theory of planned behavior (TPB) "My invención.Es" quantum mechanics "applied to the economy.Nash equilibrium and theory of planned behavior (TPB) "My invención.Es" quantum mechanics "applied to the economy.

When that time comes I will buy bitcoins and will invest everything you can because they will rise after only a matter of time and I am patient but financial markets no. There are other criptomonedas but I focus on the Bitcoin because it is the most known and used and because others also respond to fashion.

Microcuotas credits .-

It is part of the hypothesis: "The periodic fee (month / year / etc) of a loan is 0, infinite € to infinite €" and "The lower subscription costs will be easier to pay it."

Marketing and publicity.-

It is part of the hypothesis: "There can not be marketing and advertising if there is a need for a good or service" and "If there is a need must be created and the easiest is to create a symbiotic need."

Demonstration of hypotheses used.-

A hypothesis is a guess based on evidence of an investigation. In the scientific method hypothesis is a possible explanation for the phenomenon we are studying. The hypothesis is tested, ie the assumption that it is true, or refuted, ie the assumption that not be true .. Either way research is valid. Here's an example: you're doing research on a certain type of ants. You raise your hypothesis that these ants are susceptible to DDT, ie if you put them DDT ants die. Les sprinkle DDT and these ants die. So the hypothesis is checked and your research is valid. Les sprinkle DDT ants and they do not die, your hypothesis is refuted, it was not true. But research is still valid,

https://explorable.com/es/prueba-de-la-hipotesis.

* CHAOS SYSTEMIC

It is part of the hypothesis "In any chaotic system there is some order to determine" And who created the "systemic chaos" is the only one who knows that order.

* As an Overlord is created on the 2nd War Mundial.-

It is based on several assumptions: "The trustful information can not be revealed even at the risk of life", "trust is generated in the individual, through an incentive: Eg: Americans used British money and your faith the Queen "," at the loss of his own life tERROR (State over fear) is created by shooting with a gun with blanks (but the individual does not know who they are) in his temple (as punishment for not reveal the secret) and becomes AWARD knowing that he has not lost his life "," Whoever possesses the secret information dominates the game (a bonus COMPETIVA is created) "," Overlord is based on the concept of faith (for that there were more Americans kept awake the secret) "," If the individual psychological condicionamento applies a custom generated ""The STIMULUS NEGATIVE (Death) must be inversely proportional to PRIZE: Eg: A greater PAIN least pleasure (except exceptions as" masochistic "" can be created without using FE Overlordy or money if the incentive protection is used. STATE FAMILY "and (Continuum?)

* Based on "Pavlov's dog" (active conditioning).

* THE GAME OF WAR.

Is part of the following two scenarios: "What he says Tsun Zu in his book" The Art of War "are" nonsense "that are good for modern warfare" "and" The rules of the game of chess today are incorrect "

How Hypotheses demonstrate Solving the game of chess applying the reglas.P.ej true: You can not "castling" .Pista: In Italy, a chess with people and horses using the real rules of play ajedrez.¿Para serving "Deep Blue"?. the solution chess are tables, with fewer lost parts.

* HYBRID ENGINE TESLA ELECTRIC / GAS

You can use different gases, the better the hydrogen in the form of helium H3, whose product of combustion (pollutant) is "dirty water" but as my family (OMEYAS of the royal family of Saudi Arabia) sell oil, methane, butane and propane, will make them the "favor" to use bottles or butane propane vehicles adapted can be done in any current vehicle combustion gasoline adapting it (as the taxis for a long time and I know because my earthly father taxi driver was the father of my queen, my mistress, Letizia AEL) in Catalonia there are many automobile manufacturers like Ford, Renault, Volkswagen, Nissan, etc;They can adapt car engines stored in "stock" gas and give them away and "load" the price on fuel with an agreement with the supply of fuel for a period or lifetime of the vehicle ( "LOYALTY FORCED CUSTOMER" or "LEASING INVERSO") is just an idea of how to create a "symbiotic necessity" in the automotive sector and pass the time and to the twenty-first century and leave the twentieth century and the oil and contaminación.Pero is an idea that benefits both parties to customers and sellers of cars that would compete in the market in calidad.Se can make bottles with special caps for each car brand so you can not use another brand of gas and is a monopoly but no serious legal or maybe it depends on the political and legislation of the European Union in this regard but must act,You can not wait any longer, it is urgent to change because the land cries because pollution has reached very high limits and "Paris Agreements" have sanctions of the United Nations China, USA or Russia by the "veto" on the UN.

Compression / decompression LOST DATA (SPECIES EVOLUTION OF DARWIN) of DNA / DNA "TGZ"

The f (xyz) is solved by a matrix of 4X4 applied to a nibble (4 bits) top and bottom of each byte (8 bits) of the DNA strand ( "golden number" or "number of God" this is a "track"). the systemic error, which is the NADA Wanted or iNFINITE, the absolute information 0, meaningless and absolute 1, the infinite, in a tristate logic where there is 0.25,0.50, 0.75 as intermediate values and analog ULA / ALU.

We start from several hypotheses (resolves with my game theory with quantum mechanics, the uncertainty principle / inderteminación of Heisemberg and fuzzy logic) .It affirm and develop the hypotheses of the environment where they occur and affirm or refute.

1 ~ EXISTS one f (xyz) (DNA / DNA) compressing all information ATG (Amine Thiamine Guanine) and Cytosine adds the embryo itself (GOD ABSOLUTE)

2. The test system / error occurs

3.Son a permutation of three elements in any order in a double helical chain

4.Se using fuzzy logic and the uncertainty principle / Heisemberg indeterminacy in a system of three elements (Logica tristate) with a random fourth taking embryo

5 cytosine if not used and is used embryo donor DNA clones causes old or aged, if done with ATG This error does not appear in the genome as it is taken from a young embryo.

Solution: perfect Clone donor DNA / DNA, the f (x, y, z) not give even for safety, the matrix hidden even alone, I sent to CNI and only them have in their backups of emails, but they do not know.

TGZ COMPRESSION SYSTEM

Existing systems we provide for schemes compression / encryption without loss several options, but the example of dictionary-based interesting and algebraic systems and methods "hash" with MD5 and others too, start from the above, and suppose that what we do is that 5 bits indicate 1 byte me thanks to the compression algorithm TGV.

B7	B6	B5	B4	B3	B2	B1	B0
x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x

We would like

B4	B3	B2	B1	B0
x	x	x	x	x

And if we continue with the next byte, this would apply to the end of bytes to be compressed, ie the result is a compression 8bit: 5bits.

But once the process is complete return to compress and so again and again until only 5 bits.

But as we know how many bytes have been compressed in addition to the algorithm first TGV? The end result will be a first byte

B7	B6	B5	B4	B3	B2	B1	B0
x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x

Where bits 7,6 & 5 will indicate how many bytes (0 to 7) indicate the bytes indicating the number of bytes in which the algorithm is applied if 000 indicates that no bytes indicating number ie only applied once the algorithm; ie maximum 7 bytes would 8 bits by 7 bytes = 56 bits, that is the number 2 ^ 56-1 which equals 72,057,594,037,927,935 times (7.2057594037927935 x 10 16 bytes excluding the first) the number on which the algorithm could be applied.

When compressing to explain any doubts that arise, we start from an example: We have a file with 2 characters (bytes) and we want to compress them (this is the worst since the compression ratio would give a 2 bytes: 2 bytes)

Compress the first from left to right, compress the first byte, which I have 5 bits + 8 bits (the other byte), compress the following with what I have 5 other bits; a total of 10 bits, taking the first 8 and compress staying with 5 bits + 2 bits, or a total of 7 bits, well add a bit to be 1 (fixed value, to consider decompression) with which again have 8 bits the compress and have 5 bits of information, the result will be two bytes with bit 7,6 and 5 of the first 001 plus the 5 bits of information and the next byte is 00000001, indicating that except I first used the algorithm TGV with one byte. In this example the compression ratio is worse than 2 bytes is given in two bytes, can reach 7.2057594037927935 x 10 16 bytes not including the first 8 bytes, a ratio of compression (7,

If they were 3 bytes I have to compress get as a final result, a byte with bits b7, b6 and b5 with 001 bytes b4b3b2 the value of applying the algorithm TGV and 2 bits 11 to add, plus 1 byte is 00000010 .The compression ratio is 3: 2.

If they were 4 bytes that I have to compress get as a final result, a byte with bits b7, b6 and b5 with 001 bytes b4b3b2b1b0 the value of applying the algorithm TGV and 0 bits added, plus 1 byte is 00000011. The compression ratio is 4: 2.

If they were five bytes that I have to compress get as a final result, a byte with bits b7, b6 and b5 with 001 bytes b5b4b3b2b1 the value of applying the algorithm TGV and 1 bits added value to 1, plus 1 byte will be 00000100. The compression ratio is 5: 2.

But what if they were 256 bytes that I have to compress get as a final result, a byte with bits b7, b6 and b5 with 001 bytes b5b4b3b2b1 the value of applying the algorithm TGV and 0 bits added value to 1, plus 1 byte will be 11111111. The compression ratio is 256: 2.

That is for the number of bits to add is 0.1 or 2 is given by the value associated with the last byte in the examples the second (or bytes 1 through 7 in the header of the first byte which go 5 bits of information) in decimal, for example:

It is 0 in (0,3,6,9,12,15,18,21,24,27,30,33,36,39 ....) Σ i * 3

i = 0n

It is 1 in (1,4,7,10,13,16,19,22,25,28,28,31,34,37,40,43 ...) Σ (i * 3) + 1

i = 0

It is 2 in (2,5,8,11,14,17,20,23,26,29,32,35,38,41,44 ...) Σ (i * 3) + 1

i = 0

NOTE: 0 Logically would not since there would be no byte indicating the number of bytes in addition to the first, ie b7, b6 and b5 of the first would be 000.

So they can know how many bits are added to 1 to set to 5, the end result is simple and responds to the function bits add = n mod 3 (ie the rest of dividing whole way from 3 the number expressing the byte).

At this point we should clarify the difference between the real and unreal, legends and history. According to legends "Raziel gave Adam the secret of God ..." "As Prometheus gave fire to mortals ..." "Antheus was the true father of Heracles the son of Zeus ..." or "The power of kings comes from God .. ". This is science as E = mc ^ 2 made by Albert Einstein is unanimously accepted that it was not unrealistic and defined hitherto unknown legend. They raised the question of the DNA elements 4 ATGC expressible giving values 0,1,2 and 3 or binary 00,01,10 and consists 11.¿Pueden explain you as achieved that not to divide ∞, if not only to a number of times and form, for example a human being? As this system employs 3 to 5 bits to express a non ∞ that is given by 0 to 72 number.

TGV COMPRESSION SYSTEM

Using Cryptography

Starting from a set of n bytes (characters), the first four bytes are taken.
Each byte is divided into two nibbles (4 bits sets) each represents 0 to 15 in decimal, it takes each of the eight nibbles and compared with the following table:

0000	0001	0010	0011	0100	0101	0110	0111
1000	1001	1010	1011	1100	1101	1110	1111

If we express 4 bits with only 3 bits, ie can refer to an element of the upper or lower table 3 bits and bit or flag for every nibble indicating 0 or 1.

4	two	one
x	x	x

Therefore we can write 0 to 7, indicating which is its value plus 1 bit is 1 or 0.

At this point we have 8 groups of 3 bits plus 1 byte (8 bits) sorted by 0-7 referencing the nibble of 0-7 that point.

If we want to represent 3 bits with only 2 bits we are similar to the above problem.

two	one
x	x

Therefore we can write 0 to 3, indicating which is its value plus 1 bit is 1 or 0.

x000

x001

X010

X011

x100

x101

x110

x111

So now my bit signal that indicated I left or right position (the same as before but instead of up or down, left and right) are the two bits of each nibble. We now have 8 groups of 2 bits and a byte (8 bits) "pointer" (we already have one before and this total 2 bytes).

5. If we want to represent 2 bits with only 1 bit we found a problem similar to the above.

one

Therefore we can write 0 to 3, indicating which is its value plus 1 bit is 1 or 0.

xx00

xx01

xx10

xx11

So now my bit signal that indicated me left or right position, be 0 or 1, and I stay with the 8 least significant bits (1 byte) and byte (8 bits) "pointer". Ie we have not reduced the number of bytes or nibbles. We have only become rows by columns.

0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111

Compression systems.

Existing systems we provide for schemes without losing several options, but the example of dictionary-based interesting, start from the above, and assume that what we do is define the propbabilidad that after a 0 comes another 0 or 1 , ie 6 bits indicating me and take only 1 byte

eleven

And if a 0 is followed by another 0 to 2 would bits 101xxx, if 0 followed by 1 serious 110xxx and the best the 111xxx indicate a 0 followed by a 1 followed by 0. Now let's compare the different values and see what we get. But of course we are generating 2 bytes (16 bits) to represent only 1 byte (8 bits), but we generated 14 zeros and 2 ones, ie we reduced 8 bits to 2 bits but their position is 4 bits, but 1 bit indicating left or right.

But what if the byte nibbles were two equal? Could represent it by one nibble with its position from this nibble two nibbles ie, followed by the same value would indicate 0001 as displacement position 0000 is its initial position and the 4 least significant nibble would indicate.

b	to	eleven	10	01	00
x	x	x	x	x	x

Then the tables are simplified:

				00					00
				01					01
				10					10
				eleven					eleven

00 01 10 11 00 01 10 November

Since they are the same in both nibbles, but what if instead of the two he did with the 8 nibbles of 4 bytes and bits instead of 2 put 4 saying which is repeated 0-15.

d	c	b	to	eleven	10	01	00
x	x	x	x	x	x	x	x

In the worst case I meet 16 bytes to represent 16 nibbles (8 bytes), so I'm doubling the size, but for the bits a, b, c and d were 0 (the worst) introduce other 8 bytes (nibbles 16) and have at least 16 bytes to represent 16 bytes, ie the ratio 1: 1 compression ratio.

But what if we were to use a dictionary with the possible values of the nibbles?

00 00 01

00 00 10

00 00 11

00 01 00

00 January 01

00 Oct. 1

00 11 January

00 10 00

00 Oct. 01

00 Oct. 10

00 Nov. 10

00 11 00

00 January 00

01 00 01

January 00 10

January 00 11

1 January 00

1 January 01

1 January 10

1 January 11

January 10 00

January 10 01

January 10 10

January 10 11

January 11 00

January 11 01

January 1110

January 11 11

Short introduction on Internet.-

The origins date back to World War II, in which Vannevar Bush facilitated the relationship between the federal government, the American scientific community and the business world, which later ARPA is created, created after the launch by the Soviets of Sputnik, by President Eisenhower.

Larry Roberts later would be the chief architect of the ARPANET computer network, whose architecture is strongly related to Paul Baran with packet switching, the design for its high level of redundancy would make the network more robust in case of nuclear attack. Arpanet connect large microcomputers or 'mainframes' through computers gateway smaller or 'gateways', on September 1, 1969 the first IMP (Interface Message Processor) is installed at UCLA, a month later at Stanford, Santa Barbara and UTAH.

True Internet occurs with the creation of TCP (Transmission Control Protocol or Transmission Control Protocol) by Vint Cerf in 1974. In the 70s hypertext Ted Nelson created and until 1990, thanks to Tim Berners begins Lee, the 'world wide web' ( "cobweb global") and here begins the popularisation with Mosaic and Netscape ( 'browsers') to spread to the general public. .

Since 1989-90 although he used before ARPANET some American universities, in which the public and free use of the network by anyone is allowed, in addition to universities (US only?), Was established the need to redesign the network so that nodes and military servers were not publicly accessible. two ranges 127.0.0.0 and 192.168.0.0 to be used by ARPANET and no routing table a DNS server could give access to them (as ARPANET network used and continuously using DNS servers that translate IP address reserved destination as the routing tables) since these boards are secret.

Then they encountered the problem of access hidden potential Internet users, the solution was simple placing their own DNS servers to the new network keeping secret the IPs reference nodes (using private IPs 192.168.0.0, such as servers to a packet destined 127.0.0.0 or 192.168.0.0 ignore it and not forwarded, or ends up being lost from server to server, but lost packets of this type may someday I can give more information right now I do not have ).

Summarizing MILNET is not accessible from Internet public IP, with the exception of military servants, of course, such as the primary DIA ns1.dia.mil (214.3.138.234) and secondary ns2.dia.mil (214.3 .138.10), the rest of the "invisible" network.

This information is closely related to the SIGINT and DATINT networks such as ECHELON or LYNX, and that is why in my previous email requesting the disconnection of the MILNET military network the Internet (Internet belongs to?).

Who owns the Internet?

Law in each country its territory and information, telephone lines, data, and / or any kind are subject to the laws of that territory, as with airspace or maritime few limits of territoriality and exclusion zones are established known as "international" regulated agreements.

Internet in Spain would then owned by the Kingdom of Spain and this with the approval of their institutions determine its regulation and management.

What happens to Internic.es? This is an interesting case for discussion, to have a given name in Spain a citizen must be registered in the civil registry with that name and then is assigned a unique number (ID) that identifies respect to any other person Spanish territory and is granted a passport if you want to go to another territory, ie another country. Internet who should assign such names and manage (Domain Name Servers) DNS servers would be the Spanish authorities, in the case of Spain. This would apply to the entire territory of the European Union. In the background you can see how serious the vision of all Internet nodes today.

LYNX

To implement such a system is LYNX (Interceptor Line Networks for Enhanced Packets), several assumptions are needed:

when you try to locate your DNS server will allow contacting it but of course you have to know your name will be as safe as a password (characters, numbers, without meaning in any dictionary ...) then the LYNX system is fully effective. To this we must change the routing tables of Internet servers (ISPs) routing those addresses do not fall in your immediate network (may be between autonomous and international communities) through a DNS server placed at a public university with a connected LYNX and these sent to a collection center data that may be considered dangerous by the authorities in exchange for a share of the commercial benefits generated in each country (domain registration, for example) that promote research.
The software consists LYNX is basically a sniffer, ie intercepts the data packets and the 'filtered' by parameters required: destination IP, source IP, content (using dictionary prepared by the terms of each community European in their language, for example, in addition to those determined by the authorities), home port, destination port and finally an identification of encrypted, mainly with PGP, which will be sent for consideration by if they were constitute a crime messages ( searching for the string 'PGP version') will only be authorized packet traffic encrypted by an approved by the authorities of each country, in this case Spain, or in the case of the EU system, those countries that do not cooperate with ECHELON,for all other messages be sent unencrypted likewise satellite communications are encrypted to prevent satellites VORTEX can intercept (sensitive messages) counteracting communications between islands, for example, the communication interception (having transmitter and receiver system encryption and decryption homologated naturally).

The countries that make up the European Union ECHELON can not access this technology because it would endanger the security of the system or errors could be corrected ECHELON

GAME LYNX AND RABBITS

The game basically consists of several parts: rabbits and lynx, 8

Bobcats rabbits and 3 for each player), is based on the strategy

military, checkers, game theory and "hunting techniques and fishing," which

I learned from my Tio Pepe and my Father Jose.

The rules are:

- Each lynx occupies a gray box and, being a territorial animal that

is its territory, whether to go forward or backward you have to do as

rabbits by black or gray squares.

- In the adjacent black squares can be moved left or right horizontally either lynx or rabbit.

- Lynx travels or a black square (if eating a rabbit)

jump to gray, ie moving from square to square such as rabbit and only two to eat a rabbit.

- The lynx can naturally eat and return to your mailbox or try to

invade the territory of another lynx if the gray box is empty.

- Rabbits move forward only on the black squares and

gray (if not occupied by any lynx).

- The lynx in the gray box can kill a lynx if it is in a black box and gray where you go after is empty.

- In the game fits the absurd, ie a player with his lynx can eat your

own rabbits and bobcats would have to move because it would not have rabbits to move.

- Rabbits are white or black and brown or yellow lynx.

- Rabbits do not eat other rabbits and can coexist in the same box two or more rabbits but have to move forward in your next move or move another rabbit if that does not suit them or there is a lynx.

- If the rabbit moves to a square with Lynx is eaten by lynx, but if you do not want the lynx does not have to eat.

IMPORTANT: If a rabbit reaches the end of the board is rewarded for their father and mother (for serious faithful GOD MANITU, Allah, BUDA, etc. For nonbelievers nature) with two new rabbit and a new lynx in that same box.

NOTE: Bobcats can be replaced by foxes, wolves, tigers, lions, etc (a carnivore) and rabbits for deer, wildebeest, EWE, etc. (a herbivore that is natural food Carnivore).

* SYSTEM FAVORS.

Several hypotheses are set: "If the favor is returned is expelled from the system", "The system is based on trust", "It depends on the influence (share of power) and" Punishment is not directly proportional to the cost Favor ".

History of banking

signature was needed, or where appropriate, the stamp. It is again the trust that is needed in the market economy.

There is a little known fact but true: in the Middle Ages the Church persecuted usury and condemned as sin, although usury was exercised by Jews and was condoned by the Church, the Crown and society, not as a privilege but as something unworthy although it is somewhat paradoxical today do so at a great banquero.Se could say that modern economics is a Semite invention which aims at maximum enrichment of an individual or group of them at the expense of others, this can be seen in " the Merchant of Venice "by William Shakespeare, for example.

LOGICA TRI-STATE WITH UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE AND FUZZY LOGIC (Game Theory)

several absolute values defined 0, 1 0,25,050,075 and absolute values are analog a ULA / ALU for a digital system, the table of discrete values Karnaugh intermediate states and joins the absolute values of 0 and 1 .

Uncertainty occurs in these values and is calculated mathematically applying the uncertainty principle between 0 and 1 absolute all the boolean algebra using fuzzy logic also, the result is a new and perfect logic.

WATER FILTERS "inerting" chlorine.

There is a solution to the chlorine contamination and are the "water filters" that "inertizan" (chlorinated water) and chlorine are very expensive to build small deposits are circulating water and bomba.Æ

FASHION

The mode is cyclic and is given as a bell curve, at its base is minimal demand and its peak is maximum and only decrece.Se gives every 20 years

and it is imposed by force of imitation as with the alpha male primates with tools (a "straw" to eat ants).

gaussian function

Gaussian curves with different parameters for the mean and variance. The corresponding values are, B = μ c = σ.

In statisticsThe Gaussian function or bell curve (in honor of Carl Friedrich Gauss) is a function defined by the expression:

where a, b are constants real (C> 1).

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS (*).
Types of economic systems (*)

Economic systems can be divided by how they allocate resources (the means of production) And how they make decisions regarding the use of resources. Another possible classification has to do with thepolitical economy according to which there are three large models, capitalist economies or free market, socialist economiesor planned economies and mixed economies. The first two types are in a sense idealizations because all economic systems have elements of market and planned elements. Below these three types of systems are explained a bit more detail:

Economy free market: Depends on the premise that economic laws are a law of natureAnd that, consequently, more effectively work the less you disturb it, implying that intervention State the same should be minimal.
The Planned economy or centralized: Based economic process that follows a natural law of social organization of human beings, but concludes that the development of those laws inevitably leads to ever larger levels planning Y control (watch Social ownership). This implies that theproperty of the production factors It should be in the hands of CommunityAnd that, consequently, cooperation It is the central element of efficiency.
The Mixed economyIt is a compromise proposal between the market economy and the planned economy. Within this general proposition, some emphasize the social character of concepts, processes and economic structures. The most general theoretical economic support of this position is established in that economic efficiency is mixing the private and public provision ofgoods.

Alongside these three main models there are some others that can be conceived either as intermediate between the above or as variants of the mixed economy. Among these are:

Market economy, Which many consider the variant closest to the free market economy mixed economy.
General or European model Welfare state, Which in turn it includes Social Market Economy (Which seeks to differentiate the "liberal capitalism" and "Marxism" mainly because of the option that the economy is a human relationship which aims is individual and social development and economic principle as it introduces the concept of morality, Since being an essentially human activity can not shake the ethical, moral and even legal principles of natural law. "The dirigisme and other modalities at country level.
Economy indicative planningwhich can be perceived as the version of the nearest planned economies mixed economy. It can be described as "planning that involves the government of a countrycapitalist establishing some broad goals basic economic variables (eg investment in strategic industries, development infrastructureExports) and working with, not against, the private sectorto achieve them. Unlike central planning, these objectives are not legally enforzables consequently the "indicative" adjective. However, thegovernments they shall endeavor to achieve by mobilizing a variety of awards (for example: subsidies, Granting of rights monopolist) And punishment (eg: REGULATIONS, Influence through state banks) at your service".

Other economic systems include a substantial ownership state, private and cooperative operating in mixed economies, ie both parts contain a market economy (capitalism) As a planned economy (socialism) And market economy-State (fascism). A non-exhaustive list of economic models is as follows:

Georgism
Mixed economy
- American school
- dirigisme
- Nordic model
- Japanese system
- Mercantilism
- Social Market Economy
- Socialist market economy
- indicative planning
- Prout also it is known as Progressive Utilization Theory.

Competition and approaches (*)

Economists of the classical school of XVIII centuries Y XIXThey have studied the competition as all other economic phenomena: a state of fact whose theory conforms to describe and explain the mechanisms, the manner of the naturalists. Attwentieth centuryThe Austrian school remained faithful to this approach.

Economists of the neoclassical school (from Léon Walras) Try to establish quantitative laws for the economy. To do this, introduce the notion of pure and perfect competition, a hypothetical situation defined by a number of conditions that allow a rigorous mathematical treatment, but they are not practically never in reality.

More recently, theorists of "imperfect competition" analyze the gaps between the reality of competition and the model of pure and perfect competition, and relate well to this model as an ideal to be achieved.

Pure and perfect competition (*)

Main article: perfect competition

The conditions(*)

Pure and perfect competition is a model of economic theory of the neoclassical school describing a structure of hypothetical market in which no producer or consumer has the power to set prices or on the decisions of other agents, and also all have equal access to information, which is equal positions of origin on the commercial relationship. The price is then set by the coping and negotiation of all with all, without generating monopoly rent. Pure and perfect competition represents one of the two extreme cases of market structures studied by neoclassical economists, the second is the case of monopoly. It is assumed that perfect competition allows balance on all markets under very particular sufficient conditions.

Atomicity market: The number of buyers and sellers is vast, with which the supply or demand of each agent does not matter about the offer or total demand.
The homogeneity of the products exchanged goods are similar in quality and characteristics; a product of better quality then is another market. In reality, the most homogeneous goods are raw materials and agricultural products.
Transparency of information: the perfect information of all players above all others and on the exchanged good must be free and immediate; the presence of a "Auctioneer" that centralizes offers and demands in order to calculate the equilibrium price is a way to make this transparency also it implies the absence of exchange grade to grade before obtaining the equilibrium price .

The consequences of these three hypotheses are that, firstly, the price is the only motivation to exchange or give up share in the market (and not quality, for example) and, on the other hand, the price is set by the market and all actors is imposed; then only one price exists for a single well, whatever the place of purchase.

We must add two hypotheses linking markets to each other:

Free entry and exit from the market: there should be no tariff barrier (protectionism), Administrative (numerus clausus) or technician to input a bidder or an additional applicant.
The free movement of the factors of production ( capital and work): the workforceand capital are directed spontaneously towards markets where demand is strong (relative to supply). There are no deadlines or costs of conversion.

The latter two scenarios allow long-term convergence of wage rates and benefit between the different economic sectors and different countries.

It is then a very restricted framework. The hypothesis of an auctioneer means that all offers and demands of operators are centralized by a virtual planner, who can determine the equilibrium price. This planner does not exist in a market economy where the decisions concerning the trade price and quantity exchanged are taken in a decentralized way. They developed in neoclassical general equilibrium theory the idea of a progressive price convergence towards the equilibrium price; Walras introduced a mechanism of "feeler" and the idea of an "invisible hand" has been recovered fromAdam Smith. On the other hand,Theorem Sonnenschein in 1973-1974 it has shown that the uniqueness and stability of equilibrium are not secured using relevant assumptions, so that the process of "palpated" developed by Walras was injured.

Tariffed the principle of marginal cost (*)

From the properties of competition, it is possible to demonstrate, in a neoclassical theoretical framework, that the price in perfect competition is equal to marginal costand, in the long run, economic profit is zero. the additional assumption that each firm aims to maximize profits, defined as the difference between total revenue (GT = p. q) and the total cost is introduced it so the company can play with the amount, but always accepts the price P. a short and medium term, if there is an economic sector beneficiary companies enter the sector: supply will increase and prices decrease. The benefits of these companies on the market will decrease until exhausted.

Limits and criticism of perfect competition (*)

The real competition is different from the competition theorized by neoclassic (particularly in view of Walras are derived from it are three possible attitudes.:

Pure and perfect competition, especially if we complete the study of imperfect competition, is an acceptable approximation to the actual competition. In addition, the responsibility of the State to impose conditions of perfect competition, for example with the implementation ofanti-trust laws. Is the position generally accepted by neoclassical economists.
Pure and perfect competition is based on a hypothesis too little relevant as we can draw from them practical consequences, and its study, therefore, is devoid of scientific value. It is the position of the Austrian school (Friedrich Hayek, And diametrically opposed heterodox economists: John Kenneth Galbraith, Tony Lawson, Bernard Guerrien, the institutionalist school, the postKeynsian (Kaldor, Joan Robinson) And numerous geographers of economic geography (Ron Mayer, Peter Sunley, Eric Sheppard).
For most of the Marxists, Pure and perfect competition is a "nonsense" to use the words of Marx, whose objective is, as in every theory of the ruling class, only justify the capitalist system. Do not look into it any credibility, but only the ideas of the ruling class to consolidate their domination.

Be autonomous: advantages and disadvantages (****)

Digital Self. Many workers and freelance arise whether they should or not to register as self-employed. Doing so may entail benefits, but there are several responsibilities that take into account. Usually for people who regularly issue invoices to different entities and earning more than 22,000 euros per year it is suitable to be autonomous.

What it is supposed to be autonomous: advantages and disadvantages
1. Advantages of being autonomous

It is the fastest and easiest way to register a business.
The person becomes his own boss, therefore, control and management is entirely in your hands.
Not a prior process of constitution is necessary, as would happen in the case of creating a company or society.
It is the way that requires fewer steps and legal procedures, which lowers the cost of advice. Yes, it is essential to have an accountant or manager who processed your taxes, etc. In that case, you must have the monthly payment to such advice. In addition, it is mandatory to have a log book up to date and orderly, which must be stored for at least five years.
It is very good option for small size companies and new businesses promoted by one person.
In many cases you can work from home and need not therefore rental of a space.

Drawbacks to be autonomous

There is no difference between corporate assets and staff. Therefore, it responds with the goods themselves present and future debts to third parties.
If the entrepreneur is married in community of property, it may result in its business scope to the assets of the spouse.
You will be charged sharefixed monthly up to 285 euros, whether or not benefits. If not invoice, you have to also pay the fee autonomous, initially for six months may be 50 euros.
It must have a legal and accounting advice, as it must make quarterly VAT returns and income tax, plus the annual income statement.
No contribution to Social Security in the same way that an employed person, which the person will have fewer benefits in terms of unemployment, low, health insurance, maternity, retirement, etc.
If the benefits are quite high paid more taxes than with a society.
The companies usually offer a more professional image to financial institutions and other market players: customers, management, suppliers.
It can not be contracted to relatives of second degree of consanguinity, but must also register as self-employed.
He is obliged to pay 21% income tax.

How to register autonomous (****)

If a citizen is interested in becoming autonomous and wants to avoid red tape and administrative and enlist the help of professionals for legal and labor issues, it can be a good choice advisories on the Internet (there consultancies on-line that handle all the paperwork). Normally, in addition to providing advice, this advice allow you to use software from anywhere where you can make the bills or keep up to date log book to quickly and easily make quarterly statements.

linear amortization. (**)

Linear coefficient table amortization

Item Type	maximum linear coefficient	Maximum period of years
Civil work
general civil work	two%	100
pavements	6%	3. 4
Infrastructure and mining works	7%	30
central
hydraulic stations	two%	100
NPPs	3%	60
Coal plants	4%	fifty
renewable power plants	7%	30
other plants	5%	40
buildings
Industrial buildings	3%	68
Land dedicated exclusively to escombreras	4%	fifty
Warehouses and stores (gaseous, liquid and solid)	7%	30
commercial, administrative, service and residential buildings	two%	100
Facilities
Substations. Transport networks and energy distribution	5%	40
Cables	7%	30
rest facilities	10%	twenty
Machinery	12%	18
medical and related equipment	fifteen%	14
Transportation elements
Locomotives, wagons and traction equipment	8%	25
Ships, aircraft	10%	twenty
Internal transport elements	10%	twenty
External transport elements	16%	14
AUTOCAMIONES	twenty%	10
Furniture and fixtures
Furniture	10%	twenty
Lingerie	25%	8
Glassware	fifty%	4
And tools	25%	8
Molds, dies and models	33%	6
other goods	fifteen%	14
electronic and computer equipment. Systems and programs
electronic equipment	twenty%	10
Information processing equipment	25%	8
Systems and software	33%	6
film production, phonographic, audiovisual series videos and	33%	6
Other elements	10%

Marketing.-(***)

It is a concept English, translated into Castilian as marketing or marketing. It's about thediscipline dedicated to the analysis of behavior marketsand consumers. Marketing analyzescommercial management companies in order to attract, retain and build customer loyalty by meeting their needs.

Some sentences in which the term is used are: "Let's hire a marketing expert to help us in the company", "lower prices during the World Cup was a great marketing strategy", "I'm reading a new book by marketing" .

Marketers often focus their activities in the whole of the four Ps: Product, Price, Place (distribution) and advertising (promotion). Marketing appeals to different techniques and methodologies with the intention of conquering themarket and achieve other objectives specific to a commercial company.

Definition of experts

Marketing has been invented to meet market needs in exchange for benefits for companies that use it to develop. It is a tool that undoubtedly is strictly necessary to achieve success in the markets.

According to Philip Kotler it is an administrative and social process by which certain groups or individuals get what they need or want through the exchange of products or servicios.Jerome McCarthy believes it is the realization of activities that can help a company get the goals it has set and can anticipate the wishes of consumers and develop products or services fit for their part mercado.Por John A. Howard, who works at Columbia University, says he is convinced that the marketing is in a process in which it is necessary to understand the needs of consumers and find out what the company can produce to meet them. And Al Ries and Jack Trout,

According to the American Marketing Association (AMA), marketing is a way to organize a series of actions and processes when creating a product "to create, communicate and deliver value to customers and for managing relationships" and its purpose It benefits the organization is satisfying customers.

It is said that marketing is a social and administrative process that involved a group of people with their concerns and needs and because you need a certain amount of elements such as the organization, implementation and control for efficient development of activities .

The only function that must meet is to achieve the goals that the company arises with regard to sale and distribution so that it remains in force. Why it is so important not only to have knowledge of the market, but knowing what things can develop the company that may be of interest to customers.

What makes marketing is considered a necessity for customers and, from it, to design, implement and verify how marketing works products or services company. Various strategies and marketing tools allow you to position a brand or product in the buyer's mind.

Marketing actions can have a vision of profitability in the short or long term, as its management also involves making investments in the company's relationship with customers, suppliers and even their own employees, plus advertising in media. Do not confuse marketing and advertising and marketing includes advertising and other issues.

It is said that marketing can have different orientations: the product (when the company has a monopoly of the market but, anyway, aims to improve the production process), sales (aimed at increasing the participation of the company in the segment ) or market (product adaptation seeks to consumer tastes) .Today there are many types of marketing, here are some definitions:

Direct marketing: Is an interactive system that gets followers and results in their becoming known transactions through the advertising media place.

Relational marketing: Included within direct marketing and is based on a fundamental principle that there is to sell, but they will make friends and who compren.Conseguir benefit in exchange for customer satisfaction.

virtual marketing: Also called Cybermarketing and is applied to Internet, which is aimed at anyone in the world who has a computer and network connection. In this marketing there are SEO tools that allow companies to achieve good visibility and can better sell their products or services.

Advertising.-(*)

Advertising is a form of communication trying to increase consumption of a product or service, Inserting a new brand or product in the consumer market, improve imagerepositioning a brand or a product or brand in the mind of a consumer. This is done by advertising campaigns that are disseminated in the media following a preset plan communication.

Through research, analysis and study of many disciplines, such as psychology, the neuroanatomy, the sociology, the anthropology, the statistics, and the economy, Which they are found in the market studyIt may, from the point of view of the seller, develop an appropriate message for a portion of the public medium. This portion of people, which is defined in detail, is known astarget audiences or target.

Blockchain technology to quantum computing, two disciplines intertwined

Written by Alfonso Gomez de la Rocha Arevalillo, December 26 2018 at 15:30

DIGITAL

Quantum technology gradually become a reality, will help the blockchain safer and more efficient. We have to go and innovate technologically to get them to do a revolutionary couple. These are exciting times to work on innovation.

When it seemed that gradually understood what was going the blockchain this technology, and you understood that was something that was far beyond the Bitcoin, You begin to glimpse news media technologies that accompanies one's own intelligible word fiction series like Star Trek: The word "quantum".

And although the "quantum technology" look like science fiction is now a reality. An example is thecompanies are exploring the use of phenomena of quantum physicsto create new technologies or improving existing ones. Large companies likeGoogle, IBM or AlibabaThey are immersed in a "quantum race" to develop a quantum computer that allows us to overcome the computational capacity of today's supercomputers (with all that this implies for society); without leave to Silicon Valley intelephone We are already exploring the use of quantum technology to make safer our commercial fiber optic networks.

And at this point you might be wondering, what is quantum physics? It is the physics of the "very small".When we moved to atom level, as strange phenomena begin to occur. Thus phenomena appear between atoms as thequantum entanglementWhich is a property of elementary particles it occurs when fundamental particles such as photons or electrons, physically interact and then separate.

Despite this separation, thanks to the interleaving, the particles are held closely connected (even thousands of kilometers away), such that any modification of the particles is instantly reflected in the other. This wonderful phenomenon (yet counterintuitive) has opened the door to work as exciting lines asquantum Internet. Through the use of entangled particles, we will be able to transmit information between two points instantly, impressive, right?

What is the role of blockchain in this story?

The base technology is blockchain cryptography.The current cryptography is based on the use of complex mathematical problems, such as the problem of factorization of integers, or the problem of discrete logarithmic curves, to secure information. Areproblems, although with a classical computer are not solvable with a quantum computer resolution can be immediate. To guard against this, many cryptographers and blockchain platforms and explore the use of primitive resistant to quantum cryptographic attacks (ie, not based on these difficult problems easily computable quantum computers).

But the quantum computer will is not expected until later this year, what can bring quantum technology to the current state of blockchain? Much of cryptographic mechanisms in blockchain, such as key generation users, rely on the use of random numbers. So far, we knew a way to generate real random number.

Quantum technology is gradually a reality

And this is where quantum technology comes in. By using electron disturbed by quantum phenomena we can generate completely random numbersWith the consequent increase of security that can leverage the technology and its underlying blockchain cryptography.

Finally, the technology blockchain structure information in blocks, and each block is linked to the previous and the next, so that any changes to the information can be easily detected. In this regard, New Zealand researchers have proposeduse of quantum entanglement to create a "quantum blockchain" so that instead of linking the information block is stored particles directly intertwined, Making it impossible to handle.

In short, quantum technology is gradually becoming a reality with the potential to revolutionize a lot of lines, being the quantum Internet, or Blockchain technology only some of them.

Do you remember what we already did with the blockchain, where we had a disruptive technology full of potential that could revolutionize our way of doing things, but we did not know how? Now we have to go the same way for quantum technology face to fully understand its potential. These are exciting times to work on innovation.

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EL FUEGO DE TU VIDA

jueves, 10 de enero de 2019

SYMBIOTIC MARKET AND MORE INVENTIONS OF XXIII CENTURY

The three considerations of the Theory of Planned Behavior

residual effects of past behavior recently

Nash equilibrium

gaussian function

ECONOMIC SYSTEMS (*).

Types of economic systems (*)

Competition and approaches (*)

Pure and perfect competition (*)

The conditions(*)

Tariffed the principle of marginal cost (*)

Limits and criticism of perfect competition (*)

Be autonomous: advantages and disadvantages (****)

What it is supposed to be autonomous: advantages and disadvantages

Advantages of being autonomous

Drawbacks to be autonomous

How to register autonomous (****)

linear amortization. (**)

Item Type

maximum linear coefficient

Maximum period of years

Blockchain technology to quantum computing, two disciplines intertwined

What is the role of blockchain in this story?

Quantum technology is gradually a reality

ATTAC(2002) : contra la dictadura de los mercados : alternativas a la mundialización neoliberal.ISBN:84-7426-529-0.Editorial Icaria.

Haubo Dyhrberg, Anne. Bitcoin, gold and the dollar – A GARCH volatility analysis.University College Dublin.

Huberman,Gur/Leshno,Jacob/Moallemi,Ciamac C.(2017). Monopoly Without a Monopolist: An Economic Analysis of the Bitcoin Payment System.Columbia Business School Research Paper No. 17-92.53 Pages Posted: 28 Aug 2017 Last revised: 18 Oct 2017.

Urquhart, Andrew(2016) .The inefficiency of Bitcoin.Southampton Business School, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.Received 24 August 2016, Revised 12 September 2016, Accepted 17 September 2016, Available online 22 September 2016.

Yermack, David (2015). Handbook of Digital Currency .Bitcoin, Innovation, Financial Instruments, and Big Data.2015, Pages 31-43.New York University Stern School of Business, New York, New York, USA .National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

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